Interdisciplinary sciences emerging and specialization were result of historical conditions. Lack of common and grand theories have caused social sciences such as Geography disintegrated to many courses. The Geography science has been divided two main courses, Physical and Human through the time. Every one used another similar science in theoretical principles and methodologies for their domain development and strengthening of their bases.The Human Geography was influenced by Anthropology during nineteenth century and was affected by nineteenth century and dawn twentieth century by Sociology and from mid twentieth century until present time by Biological sciences, Psychology, Political economics and social theories. Radical Geography was one of the Human Geography branches that was influenced by Political economics and left ideology. Radical Geography emphasizes on investigation about quality of life in different spaces and attempts to change socio-economic and spatial relationships, therefore critical Geography is one of its similar approaches.

Introduction: The final objective of social sciences is to seek objective truth, so scientists are seeking realism in science, and this is a term that one of its meanings implies the "objective" conception of reality. Thus, the most fundamental problem in methodology for scientists is that what is objectivity? How can one integrate objectivity in the process of knowing the facts, realities and coincidence of these matters together? How can one set aside a biased notion? The most important issue of any type of epistemology and science is to create a balance between objectivity and subjectivity in science. If an objective experiment does not lead to subjective and methodical rules and laws, then science and knowledge will not be formed, and if subjective rules and laws cut out from the objective reality, realism will be lost. In the other words, the central axis of the questions of epistemology is the "value of cognition", and this seeks to show that what is the criterion of identifying "facts" from false and contradictory ideas to reality? According to the above, objectivity and validity in various sciences, including geography, are of fundamental positions, and different geographic schools have taken different positions in this regard, which directly relate to the results of the research. In this paper, we are seeking to find out what are positions of methodology schools in geography in relation to objectivity and validity of geographic propositions? What are conclusions given to these positions? Which position can have a scientific position in geography? In this paper, we have tried to emphasize political geography in various propositions...

In this paper I am concerned with structure of the debate over modernism and postmodernism in geography. Over the last decade human geography has undergone rapid change as geographers have explored new ways of thinking. I use postmodernism to make sense of the past, present and emergent pattern of social being that exist simultaneously in the space and also changes in our society as a whole, in other words in the mode of productions.

After entering the business activities on the online business environment and increasing financial opportunity of this environment, competition between on line companies for maximizing use of resources increased. So most of practitioners in online business scope believe that brand and branding is the best competitive advantage for e-retailers. This has resulted in more attention to branding strategies and principle in cyberspace by e-retailers. This research has been done due to the rapid growth of online retail business in the country of Iran 8.The purpose of this research was to provide a model for online retail branding according to virtual business structure of Iran to supply the rapid growth of online branding. In this study for accessing the model of e-retail branding has been used qualitative method of Grounded theory. The rational for collecting data in this way, is semi-structured interview. This interviews done with key informants from the internet e-retail branding that worked in e-retail store. The method of collecting data from interviews used three way of coding as open Coding, axial and selective coding. After doing these steps the final method gained. In this study interviews continues until theoretical saturation. In the process of doing this study, try to regard all the circumstances that connected with the central phenomenon of research then with this consideration expressed the final model of e-retail branding.

EXTENDED ABSTRACT IntroductionTherapy means the treatment of mental or physical illness without drugs or surgery and is a cognitive stimulation to change behavior. This concept when used in the field of shopping is reminiscent of the concept of Retail therapy. Retail therapy happens when consumers buy to improve their negative feelings and not just to get the product, they need its benefits include positive distraction, the motivation to escape from realit, increased self-confidence, a sense of control, and better social communication. the purpose of which is to design a conceptual model for Retail Therapy, which will greatly help to increase the understanding of this concept. This research, has been tried to fully investigate this concept and the causal, intervening, and contextual components that are effective on this behavior, as well as the positive and negative consequences that this behavior will have for the individual and the society. Be identified and finally, the possible strategies that help to weaken or strengthen these consequences are also identified so that finally a comprehensive model is based on the Grounded theory. MethodologyThis research is a type of qualitative research, which is part of basic research in terms of its purpose and exploratory research in terms of data collection. In order to analyze the data, the Grounded theory method based on a systematic approach has been used. The data-based approach is a type of qualitative research method that uses the inductive approach of a series of systematic procedures to create a theory about the phenomenon under study. The reason for using this method is that in this method the theories are formed based on the concepts obtained from the data and provide a better explanation because they are more suitable to the situation and on the other hand, this method is an efficient method in the field of the model making and theorizing. In this research, the main data was collected through interviews with people who have experience in this type of shopping behavior. In qualitative methods, determining the sample size does not follow a specific formula and the researcher will continue the data collection process until reaching theoretical saturation, which this research is not an exception to this rule and the data collection process will continue until theorecal saturation is reached. Discussion and ResultsIn the present study, the researcher reached theoretical saturation after 15 interviews. Understanding how and why people buy has led to a growing interest in studying consumer decision-making styles. The variety of consumer behavior is due to the variety of factors affecting the behavior and motivation of a person to buy. Among the types of shopping, we can mention Retail Therapy, which has attracted the interest and attention of researchers for more than 50 years. Currently, 50% of people do Retail Therapy and 50% buy a certain class of goods in this way. Retail Therapy is rooted in consumer behavior and is considered one of the valuable concepts of the market environment; Because marketing managers can increase their sales and profitability by identifying the drivers that influence the Retail Therapy. Internal factors (such as emotional states) and external factors (such as brand-related factors) have a great impact on Retail Therapy. In the current research, the design of Retail Therapy model including 9 main categories and 56 sub-categories was obtained. The main categories include: increasing savings and economic improvement, personal disappointment and disappointment, controlled behavior, cultural-social norms, interior design and store environment, family education context, lack of money risk, Retail Therapy and thoughts, emotions and feelings of people's personality.  ConclusionThe results show that according to the current conditions, Retail Therapy is rooted in consumer behavior and is considered one of the valuable concepts of the market environment; Because marketing managers can increase their sales and profitability by identifying the drivers that influence the purchase of therapy. The purchase process includes various steps such as search, selection, acquisition, and consumption. Research shows that sad feelings can be alleviated simply by liking a product without buying that product, which highlights the fact that Retail Therapy is not necessarily the result of buying or consuming, so the main concept of Retail Therapy is that Consumers, even by searching for products, can relieve their stress and expect numerous psychological improvements through Retail Therapy. But despite the high prevalence of this behavior, there is no correct understanding of it, and there is no source of information that could correctly clarify this issue.